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Research collection

AI Agents research

Research on systems that plan, use tools, and act across multiple steps. Follow advances in agent reliability, coordination, and evaluation.

56 papers · Latest edition October 3, 2026

Where to start

Three of the latest briefs in this collection. Read the evidence and the original papers alongside them.

All AI Agents papers

Newest editions first.

01Agent

LEGO-Anything: Coding Agents for 3D Scene Reconstruction

Xirui Li, Peng Shi, Mingwen Dong, Sheng Zhang, Zhuoyan Xu, Dongkyu Lee, Shuaichen Chang, Yi Xiang, Lin Pan, Jiarong Jiang

LEGO-Anything turns images into editable Blender programs through iterative coding agents, offering a promising but still imperfect route to reconstructable 3D worlds.

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02Agent

MILO: Automated Harness Discovery via Orchestrated Multi-Agent Evolution

Prithwish Jana, Mononito Goswami, Hao Liu, Xinyu Li, Langlin Huang, Zhehui Huang, Zhishen Huang, Patrick Blöbaum, Anoop Deoras, Purak Jain, Nikos Kanakaris, Sahika Genc

MILO uses teams of evolving AI agents to automatically discover better harnesses for long-horizon problem-solving systems.

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03Agent

Self-Organizing Agent Teams Learn to Reason Together

Aneesh Pappu, Mirac Suzgun, Yongchan Kwon, Federico Bianchi, Batu El, Mykel J. Kochenderfer, Hancheng Cao, James Zou

This work trains AI agents to discover how to divide labor, challenge ideas, and combine reasoning so that teams can solve problems no individual agent could solve alone.

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04Agent

Atria Dawn: The Dawn of Agentic Superintelligence

Honglin Guo, Tao Gui, Yicheng Chen, Guanting Dong, Qiming Ge, Yuyang Hu, Zixian Huang, Jiajie Jin, Alexander Lam, Yining Li, Jiahang Lin, Yanjiang Liu, Xinyu Lu, Haijun Lv, Junlin Shang, Qisheng Su, Guoqiang Wang, Rui Wang, Zhecan Wang, Hao Xiang, Xinchen Xie, Shuhao Xing, Xiaoyu Xing, Wanghan Xu, Xinyu Yang, Yajie Yang, Chengfeng Zhao, Haoran Zhao, Ruojun Zhou, Yunhua Zhou, Yicheng Zou, Kun Cai, Qiye Cai, Xinmeng Che, Haodong Chen, Jiabei Chen, Jiahao Chen, Jiayi Chen, Yujia Chen, Lizhi Cui, Youheng Dai, Xin Deng, Yi Dong, Shihan Dou, Chenya Gu, Xu Guo, Ding Han, Feiyang Hao, Haotan He, Jie Hou, Binze Hu, Zijian Hu, Junhao Huang, Huicheng Jiang, Jiazhen Jiang, Shufan Jiang, Jiahao Kuang, Bowen Lai, Bo Li, Jiaqiang Li, Peng Li, Qilong Li, Zhuoqun Li, Jiaxiang Liu, Shuainan Liu, Tong Liu, Yi Liu, Zhonghang Lu, Jianwen Luo, Yanyi Luo, Huijie Lv, Ningsheng Ma, Zerun Ma, Houcheng Min, Chengjun Pan, Qiyuan Peng, Xiaoxuan Peng, Jianmin Qian, Jiantao Qiu, Wanying Ren, Huayu Sha, Jifei Shan...

Atria Dawn explores how research-oriented AI agents can move beyond completing tasks to partnering with humans on scientific discovery while preserving human oversight.

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07Agent

CORAL: An LLM-Native Harness for Production Recommender Systems

Muhammad Rafay Azhar, Yuhang Zhou, Gilbert Jiang, Yuchen Wang, Rahul Sharma, Matthew DeSousa, Jiayi Liu, Xin Guo, Lizhu Zhang, Xiangjun Fan

CORAL uses an LLM agent to continuously tune live recommender systems, improving engagement or reducing serving costs while staying within operational guardrails.

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08Agent

Iris: Climbing to the Search Frontier

Ziyuan Liu, Hengqi Liu, Zichuan Wang, Yang Qin, Jiachen Liang, Xu Chu, Shaowei Chen, Yuantao Gu, Mu Chuan

Iris trains large language-model search agents to solve harder multi-hop web questions by repeatedly learning from challenging trajectories and managing context more effectively.

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09Agent

T1: Terminal Agent Reinforcement Learning for Long-Horizon Tasks

Junyao Yang, Yucheng Shi, Zhongzhi Li, Ruhan Wang, Zongxia Li, Haitao Mi, Leowei Liang

T1 trains a large MoE agent to complete hundreds of shell interactions, substantially improving long-horizon coding and terminal-task performance through verifier rewards and stable RL techniques.

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10Agent

HarnessDev: Can LLMs Create and Evolve Their Own Agent Harness?

Yuhao Wu, Jingyuan Zhang, Jiajun Shi, Xinping Lei, Qingshui Gu, Yuxuan Zhang, Zexuan Wang, Chen He, Chen Huang, Maojia Song, Zhiyuan Zeng, Shaowen Wang, Jinkai Liu, Yunfeng Shi, Jiaheng Liu, Shen Yan, Wenhao Huang, Ge Zhang, Wenxuan Zhang

HarnessDev asks whether LLMs can build and improve the software infrastructure that makes their own agents effective.

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16Agent

DarwinX: Evolving Agent Harnesses Through Natural Selection

Yifan Zhang, Yutong Dai, Juntao Tan, Luyu Yang, Rishi Mullur, Thai Hoang, Zhiyuan Hu, James Zhu, Phil Mui, Silvio Savarese, Ran Xu, Zeyuan Chen

DarwinX improves AI agents by evolving their prompts, tools, and workflows through population-based selection rather than changing the underlying model.

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18Agent

Strategy-first synthesis planning for complex natural products

Daniel Armstrong, Xuan-Vu Nguyen, Octavian Susanu, Gabriel Gibberd, Théo A. Neukomm, Taddäus Strunden, Dan Forster, Morgane Delattre, Shawn Teh, Clément Rols, John Federice, Hayden Leatherwood, M. Lavelle Barnes, Maarten R. Dobbelaere, Peter Wipf, Jon T. Njardarson, Jieping Zhu, Philippe Schwaller

SynthEx uses an agentic large language model to design and refine ambitious natural-product synthesis routes that experts found comparable to human plans.

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19Agent

Context Compaction Theory

Hayder Tirmazi, Sam Markelon, Allison Bishop, Michael Mitzenmacher

This paper turns the practical problem of squeezing an AI agent’s memory into a limited context window into a formal communication-complexity theory.

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21Agent

Qwen-CUA: Native Computer Use for (almost) Everything

Dunjie Lu, Shuai Bai, Tianyi Bai, Sicheng Fan, Chang Gao, Jian Guan, Feng Hu, Mianqiu Huang, Xingyang Huang, Yizhen Jiang, Yuheng Jing, Dehui Kong, Ning Li, Dayiheng Liu, Shixuan Liu, Zheng Liu, Que Shen, Bowen Wang, Junli Wang, Chencan Wu, Rui Xie, Tianbao Xie, Zhihui Xie, Haiyang Xu, An Yang, Tao Yu, Wenzhen Yuan, Xi Zhang, Zhenru Zhang, Mingkang Zhu, Zhaoqing Zhu, Yizhong Cao, Kai Dang, Binyuan Hui, Kaixin Li, Junyang Lin, Haiquan Wang, Zekun Wang, Yiheng Xu, Fan Yan, Mengqi Yuan, Danyang Zhang, Jiajun Zhang, Zhipeng Zhang, Fan Zhou, Fan Zhou

Qwen-CUA is a large multimodal agent that learns to control computers directly from screenshots and mouse-keyboard actions, achieving strong performance on challenging real-world software tasks.

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26Agent

OpenForgeRL: Train Harness-native Agents in Any Environment

Xiao Yu, Baolin Peng, Ruize Xu, Hao Zou, Qianhui Wu, Hao Cheng, Wenlin Yao, Nikhil Singh, Zhou Yu, Jianfeng Gao

OpenForgeRL makes it possible to train real-world tool-using and computer-use agents directly inside the complex harnesses where they operate.

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27Agent

Sample-Efficient Learning from Agent Experience

Chenhui Gou, Haoqin Tu, Yunhao Fang, Jianfei Cai, Hamid Rezatofighi

Experience Distillation lets agents retain much of what they learn from trial and error without repeatedly paying the cost of interacting with the environment.

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28Agent

Environment-free Synthetic Data Generation for API-Calling Agents

Seanie Lee, Sanjoy Chowdhury, Chao Jiang, Cheng-Yu Hsieh, Ting-Yao Hu, Alexander T Toshev, Oncel Tuzel, Raviteja Vemulapalli

This work trains API-calling agents without building real backends by having LLMs simulate entire interactive worlds and generate useful synthetic trajectories.

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30Agent

Towards Autonomous and Auditable Medical Imaging Model Development

Shengyuan Liu, Jia-Xuan Jiang, Boyun Zheng, Cheng Wang, Zipei Wang, Wentao Pan, Hongtao Wu, Houwen Peng, Yu Gu, Lichao Sun, Yixuan Yuan

AMID uses collaborating AI agents to automatically design, test, verify, and audit medical-imaging models across many different tasks.

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31Agent

Economy of Minds: Emerging Multi-Agent Intelligence with Economic Interactions

Zhenting Qi, Huangyuan Su, Ao Qu, Chenyu Wang, Yu Yao, Han Zheng, Kushal Chattopadhyay, Guowei Xu, Zihan Wang, Weirui Ye, Vijay Janapa Reddi, Ju Li, Paul Pu Liang, Himabindu Lakkaraju, Sham Kakade, Yilun Du

This paper argues that you can build smarter multi-agent systems not by centrally coordinating them, but by creating an economy where agents bid, earn, compete, and evolve into better reasoners.

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32Agent

OpenSkill: Open-World Self-Evolution for LLM Agents

Zhiling Yan, Dingjie Song, Hanrong Zhang, Wei Liang, Yuxuan Zhang, Yutong Dai, Lifang He, Philip S. Yu, Ran Xu, Xiang Li, Lichao Sun

OpenSkill lets LLM agents teach themselves from open-web resources and self-generated practice tasks, even when no labeled target data or verifier exists.

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33Agent

Toward Generalist Autonomous Research via Hypothesis-Tree Refinement

Jiajie Jin, Yuyang Hu, Kai Qiu, Qi Dai, Chong Luo, Guanting Dong, Xiaoxi Li, Tong Zhao, Xiaolong Ma, Gongrui Zhang, Zhirong Wu, Bei Liu, Zhengyuan Yang, Linjie Li, Lijuan Wang, Hongjin Qian, Yutao Zhu, Zhicheng Dou

This paper introduces Arbor, an AI research agent that keeps a living tree of hypotheses and evidence so it can iteratively plan, test, and improve scientific ideas over long time horizons.

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34Agent

LLM-as-a-Verifier: A General-Purpose Verification Framework

Jacky Kwok, Shulu Li, Pranav Atreya, Yuejiang Liu, Yixing Jiang, Chelsea Finn, Marco Pavone, Ion Stoica, Azalia Mirhoseini

This paper turns LLMs into fine-grained verifiers that can score, rank, and guide agentic tasks more effectively than ordinary judges, improving benchmark performance and even training efficiency.

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35Agent

Streaming Communication in Multi-Agent Reasoning

Zhen Yang, Xiaogang Xu, Wen Wang, Cong Chen, Xander Xu, Ying-Cong Chen

This paper shows that letting multi-agent reasoning systems pass along partial thoughts as they are generated can make them both faster and, surprisingly, more accurate.

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36Agent

The Red Queen Gödel Machine: Co-Evolving Agents and Their Evaluators

Alex Iacob, Andrej Jovanović, William F. Shen, Daniel Burkhardt, Meghdad Kurmanji, Nurbek Tastan, Lorenzo Sani, Niccolò Alberto Elia Venanzi, Ambroise Odonnat, Zeyu Cao, Bill Marino, Xinchi Qiu, Nicholas D. Lane

This paper introduces a self-improving agent framework where the evaluator changes too, letting writers, coders, and reviewers co-evolve in an ongoing Red Queen race.

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38Agent

PhoneWorld: Scaling Phone-Use Agent Environments

Zhengyang Tang, Yuxuan Liu, Xin Lai, Junyi Li, Pengyuan Lyu, Jason, Yiduo Guo, Zhengyao Fang, Yang Ding, Yi Zhang, Weinong Wang, Huawen Shen, Xingran Zhou, Liang Wu, Fei Tang, Sunqi Fan, Shangpin Peng, Zheng Ruan, Anran Zhang, Benyou Wang, Rui Yan, Ji-Rong Wen, Chengquan Zhang, Han Hu

PhoneWorld turns real mobile app traces into scalable training environments, giving phone agents a new way to learn and be evaluated across many apps instead of one benchmark at a time.

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39Agent

The MiniMax-M2 Series: Mini Activations Unleashing Max Real-World Intelligence

MiniMax, :, Aili Chen, Aonian Li, Baichuan Zhou, Bangwei Gong, Binyang Jiang, Boji Dan, Changqing Yu, Chao Wang, Cheng Ma, Cheng Zhong, Cheng Zhu, Chengjun Xiao, Chengyi Yang, Chengyu Du, Chenyang Zhang, Chi Zhang, Chuangyi Huang, Chunhao Zhang, Chunhui Du, Chunyu Zhao, Congchao Guo, Da Chen, Deming Ding, Dianjun Sun, Dongyu Zhang, Enhui Yang, Fei Yu, Guang Zheng, Guodong Zheng, Guohong Li, Haichao Zhu, Haigang Zhou, Haimo Zhang, Han Ding, Hao Zhang, Haohai Sun, Haolin Lyu, Haonan Lu, Haoyu Wang, Huajie Shi, Huiyang Li, Jiacheng Chen, Jian Zhang, Jiaqi Zhuang, Jiaren Cai, Jiaxin Pan, Jiayao Li, Jiayuan Song, Jichuan Zhang, Jie Wang, Jihao Gu, Jin Zhu, Jingwei Dong, Jingyang Li, Jingyu Zhang, Jingze Zhuang, Jinhao Tian, Jinli Liu, Jinyi Hu, Jun Tao, Jun Zhang, Junbin Ruan, Junhao Xu, Junjie Yan, Junteng Liu, Junxian He, Kang Xu, Ke Ji, Ke Yang, Kecheng Xiao, Keyu Duan, Keyu Li, Le Han, Letian Ruan, Li Yuan, Lianfei Yu, Liheng Feng, Lijie Mo, Lin Li, Lingye Bao, Lingyu Yang, Lingyua...

MiniMax-M2 is a huge but sparsely activated language model built for agents, combining verifiable agent data, specialized RL, and self-improving training workflows to push real-world task performance.

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41Agent

Neglected Free Lunch from Post-training: Progress Advantage for LLM Agents

Changdae Oh, Wendi Li, Seongheon Park, Samuel Yeh, Tanwi Mallick, Sharon Li

This paper shows that RL post-training itself can provide a free, step-level signal for judging LLM agents, enabling better test-time scaling, uncertainty estimation, and failure analysis without training a separate reward model.

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42Agent

OpenThoughts-Agent: Data Recipes for Agentic Models

Negin Raoof, Richard Zhuang, Marianna Nezhurina, Etash Guha, Atula Tejaswi, Ryan Marten, Charlie F. Ruan, Tyler Griggs, Alexander Glenn Shaw, Hritik Bansal, E. Kelly Buchanan, Artem Gazizov, Reinhard Heckel, Chinmay Hegde, Sankalp Jajee, Daanish Khazi, Emmanouil Koukoumidis, Xiangyi Li, Hange Liu, Shlok Natarajan, Harsh Raj, Nicholas Roberts, Ethan Shen, Nishad Singhi, Michael Siu, Ashima Suvarna, Hanwen Xing, Patrick Yubeaton, Robert Zhang, Leon Liangyu Chen, Xiaokun Chen, Steven Dillmann, Saadia Gabriel, Xunyi Jiang, Anurag Kashyap, Boxuan Li, Yein Park, Minh Pham, Sujay Sanghavi, Lin Shi, Ke Sun, Yixin Wang, Zhiwei Xu, Erica Zhang, Siyan Zhao, Wanjia Zhao, Jenia Jitsev, Alex Dimakis, Benjamin Feuer, Ludwig Schmidt

This paper shows how to build better open training data for AI agents, and demonstrates that the resulting 100K-example dataset improves performance across multiple agentic benchmarks.

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43Agent

Qwen-AgentWorld: Language World Models for General Agents

Yuxin Zuo, Zikai Xiao, Li Sheng, Fei Huang, Jianhong Tu, Yuxuan Liu, Tianyi Tang, Xiaomeng Hu, Yang Su, Qingfeng Lan, Yantao Liu, Qin Zhu, Yinger Zhang, Bowen Yu, Haiquan Zhao, Haiyang Xu, Jianxin Yang, Jiayang Cheng, Junyang Wang, Lianghao Deng, Mingfeng Xue, Tianyi Bai, Yang Fan, Yubo Ma, Yucheng Li, Zeyu Cui, Zhihai Wang, Zhihui Xie, Zhuorui Ye, An Yang, Dayiheng Liu, Jingren Zhou, Ning Ding

Qwen-AgentWorld turns language models into simulated worlds for agents, enabling better planning, scalable RL training, and stronger downstream agent performance.

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44Agent

AI Research Agents Narrow Scientific Exploration

Yixuan Tang, Yi Yang

This paper shows that today’s AI research agents mostly generate narrow, local variations on existing science rather than broadly expanding the frontier of discovery.

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46Agent

SkillOpt: Executive Strategy for Self-Evolving Agent Skills

Yifan Yang, Ziyang Gong, Weiquan Huang, Qihao Yang, Ziwei Zhou, Zisu Huang, Yan Li, Xuemei Gao, Qi Dai, Bei Liu, Kai Qiu, Yuqing Yang, Dongdong Chen, Xue Yang, Chong Luo

SkillOpt treats an agent’s skill as something you can train like a model parameter, using controlled text edits and validation to make AI agents steadily improve without extra runtime cost.

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48Agent

Can Generalist Agents Automate Data Curation?

Feiyang Kang, Hanze Li, Adam Nguyen, Mahavir Dabas, Jiaqi W. Ma, Frederic Sala, Dawn Song, Ruoxi Jia

This paper asks whether coding agents can take over the tedious loop of data curation, and finds they can do useful work—but only when guided by structured method adaptation rather than vague prompting.

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49Agent

Nemotron 3 Ultra: Open, Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Hybrid Mamba-Transformer Model for Agentic Reasoning

NVIDIA, :, Aaron Blakeman, Aaron Thomas, Aastha Jhunjhunwala, Abhibha Gupta, Abhinav Khattar, Adam Rajfer, Adi Renduchintala, Adil Asif, Aditya Vavre, Adriana Flores Miranda, Ahmad Bilal, Aileen Zaman, Ajay Hotchandani, Akanksha Shukla, Akhiad Bercovich, Aleksander Ficek, Alex Gronskiy, Alex Kondratenko, Alex Steiner, Alex Ye, Alexander Bukharin, Alexandre Milesi, Ali Taghibakhshi, Alice Gatti, Alisa Liu, Alok Kumar, Amar Phanishayee, Ameya Sunil Mahabaleshwarkar, Amir Klein, Amit Zuker, Amnon Geifman, Anahita Bhiwandiwalla, Ananth Subramaniam, Andrea Santilli, Andrew Fulks, Andrew McHarg, Andrew Tao, Andrii Skliar, Anjulie Agrusa, Ankur Srivastava, Ankur Verma, Anna Shors, Anna Warno, Antoni-Joan Solergibert I Llaquet, Arham Mehta, Arkadiusz Nowaczynski, Arti Jain, Ashwath Aithal, Ashwin Poojary, Asif Ahamed, Asit Mishra, Asma Kuriparambil Thekkumpate, Atefeh Sohrabizadeh, Avinash Kaur, Avinash Vem, Ayush Dattagupta, Barath Subramaniam Anandan, Bardiya Sadeghi, Ben Lanir, Benedik...

Nemotron 3 Ultra is a massive open AI model that mixes MoE, Mamba, and transformer ideas to deliver faster long-context reasoning for autonomous agents.

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52Agent

VoLo: A Physical Orchestrator for Open-Vocabulary Long-Horizon Manipulation

Siyi Chen, Hugo Hadfield, Alex Zook, Mikaela Angelina Uy, Chan Hee Song, Erwin Coumans, Xuning Yang, Faisal Ladhak, Qing Qu, Stan Birchfield, Jonathan Tremblay, Valts Blukis

VoLo teaches a vision-language model to act like a robot conductor, dynamically steering tools and recovery steps during long-horizon manipulation instead of waiting for each action to finish.

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53Agent

From Raw Experience to Skill Consumption: A Systematic Study of Model-Generated Agent Skills

Zisu Huang, Jingwen Xu, Yifan Yang, Ziyang Gong, Qihao Yang, Muzhao Tian, Xiaohua Wang, Changze Lv, Xuemei Gao, Qi Dai, Bei Liu, Kai Qiu, Xue Yang, Dongdong Chen, Xiaoqing Zheng, Chong Luo

This paper studies how AI agents turn raw experience into reusable skills, finds that these skills can help but also hurt in surprising ways, and proposes a meta-skill to make skill extraction more reliable.

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54Agent

QUEST: Training Frontier Deep Research Agents with Fully Synthetic Tasks

Jian Xie, Tianhe Lin, Zilu Wang, Yuting Ning, Yuekun Yao, Tianci Xue, Zhehao Zhang, Zhongyang Li, Kai Zhang, Yufan Wu, Shijie Chen, Boyu Gou, Mingzhe Han, Yifei Wang, Vint Lee, Xinpeng Wei, Xiangjun Wang, Yu Su, Huan Sun

QUEST shows that fully synthetic training can produce open deep research agents that rival proprietary systems on long-horizon search, citation grounding, and synthesis tasks.

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55Agent

ScientistOne: Towards Human-Level Autonomous Research via Chain-of-Evidence

Rui Meng, Bhavana Dalvi Mishra, Jiefeng Chen, Chun-Liang Li, Palash Goyal, Mihir Parmar, Yiwen Song, Yale Song, Rajarishi Sinha, Parthasarathy Ranganathan, Burak Gokturk, Jinsung Yoon, Tomas Pfister

ScientistOne is an autonomous research agent that tries to make every claim traceable, aiming to stop hallucinated citations, unverifiable results, and mismatches between code and papers.

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